Starting Up a Small Business | Why I Love Lawyers
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Starting Up a Small Business point blank means using a Lawyer. Now I don’t say that because I practiced as an attorney for over 25 years. I say starting up a small business requires legal help because it is a bald face fact. You would not realize how much time I spent and money I made fixing problems rather than in planning to prevent problems. Starting Up a Small Business need not be complex; it need not be expensive; it need not require sitting in a lawyer’s office day in and day out. |
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“Judicial use” of an attorney’s time and talents in starting up a small business will prevent the Top 10 Small Business Legal Problems from every coming to your doorstep. Here they are: |
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Reason 10. Failing to incorporate early enough.
One problem that arises here is the so-called “forgotten founder”: a partner involved in starting the venture subsequently drops out. When the venture gets financing or is ready to go public, this partner returns, perhaps with an inflated view of what his or her contribution was, demanding equity. This problem can be eliminated by incorporating early and issuing shares to the founders, subject to vesting. As partial consideration for their shares, each founder should be required to assign to the new corporation all inventions and works related to the company’s proposed business.
Reasons 9. Issuing founder shares without vesting.
Simply put, vesting protects the members of the founding team who take the venture forward. If people remain on the team and are productive, their shares will vest. If they leave earlier, that stock can be retrieved and given to whoever is brought in to replace them.
Reason 8. Hiring a lawyer not experienced in dealing with entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.
Lawyers who have no experience working with entrepreneurs and venture capitalists will most likely focus on the wrong things while failing to recognize some of the more subtle potential traps. It’s better to hire someone who has played the game, who knows what’s standard and what isn’t, and who will get the deal negotiated and closed promptly.
Reason 7. Failing to make a timely Section 83 (b) election.
A Section 83 (b) election allows the tax computation to be made based on the value at the time the shares are issued, which is often pennies per share.
Reason 6. Negotiating venture capital financing based solely on the valuation.
Valuation is not the only thing one should consider when selecting a venture capitalist or when negotiating the deal. There are many other ways for venture capitalists to get compensated if they end up paying a high price for shares. These include requiring participating preferred with a high cumulative dividend, redemption rights exercisable after only several years, and ratchet anti-dilution protection with no cap.
Reason 5. Waiting to consider international intellectual property protection.
Patents are granted on a country-by-country basis (with a single application available for the European Union). In the United States, if an invention is sold or made public, there’s a year’s grace period to file a patent application. Everywhere else, if the invention is sold or publicized prior to filing the patent application, the invention is unpatentable in that country. For example, if the invention is publicly disclosed to a Japanese national visiting a trade show in the United States, then under Japanese patent law, if no patent application has been filed, that disclosure makes the invention unpatentable in Japan. The same is true with trademarks. A tremendous amount of money might be spent in developing a brand in the United States, yet when the product is shipped overseas it could violate trademarks of companies dealing in similar goods outside the United States. One must make intelligent choices of where they think their markets are, and how much money to spend at an early stage in order to insure that the brand is available in those markets.
Reason 4. Disclosing inventions without a nondisclosure agreement, or before the patent application is filed.
If patent protection hasn’t been obtained, or in cases where a patent is not available, the only protection is to maintain something as a trade secret. To do so, one must show that they’ve taken reasonable steps to keep it secret from competitors. In dealing with most people, it’s wise to require them to sign nondisclosure agreements. It needn’t be elaborate, but it should say that they acknowledge they may be exposed to trade secrets, and they agree not to use or disclose them without permission. Business plans should expressly state on the cover page that they are confidential and proprietary.
Reason 3. Starting a business while employed by a potential competitor, or hiring employees without first checking their agreements with the current employer and their knowledge of trade secrets.
The law is clear that if someone is currently working for a company, particularly if he or she is a key employee, they cannot operate a competing business. Even after leaving the current employer, one still cannot use or disclose the company’s trade secrets. They could face an injunction prohibiting them from working for the new employer until a number of months go by and whatever trade secrets they had are stale. It also helps to know whether potential recruits are subject to covenants not to compete. States vary in terms of how enforceable they are, but one shouldn’t assume they are not. One should also check to see what assignments of inventions might have been signed. Personnel files should be reviewed, and recruits should check theirs, to be certain that a covenant not to compete or an assignment of inventions wasn’t tucked into a signed non-disclosure agreement.
Reason 2. Promising more in the business plan than can be delivered and failing to comply with state and federal securities laws.
If someone promises to do something and knows that they can’t perform that promise, that’s considered fraud. In a business plan, one must make an honest appraisal of what’s doable and set forth their assumptions, so the person putting up money can judge whether they are realistic. Can entrepreneurs be sued by their funders for fraud? Yes. Trying to squeeze out a little extra valuation by fudging the numbers erodes credibility, makes investors less trusting, and ultimately impairs the ability to get subsequent rounds of financing.
Finally, anyone selling stock or other securities must comply with both the federal and state securities laws by either registering the securities (rare for a start-up) or meeting all the requirements for an applicable exemption. Ignorance of the law is no excuse.
Reason 1. Thinking any legal problems can be solved later.
There’s a tendency to think, “Once I get my funding, once I’m up and running, then I’ve got time to hire the lawyers; right now, I’m running as fast as I can to get my business plan done and raising money.” This is shortsighted logic. Many of the points made here are problems that can’t just be patched up later. Does that mean that one should devote all of their time, effort, and money to the legal issues? No. That’s a good reason to hire a competent lawyer. Excellent legal talent can be retained for relatively little money up front at the early stages. It will cost much less to get it right at the beginning than to try to sort it all out later and correct it.
| Starting up a small business need not be complex, yet I found all too often a majority of people waited until the horse was out of the barn to visit the lawyer. You will find it much less expensive and satisfying to sit down with the attorney and do pre-planning. Why not use their expertise from helping other failures so that you do not fail in starting up a small business |
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